Of Wolves and Men

Environmental policy conflicts can sometimes be easy to solve when you are looking for a tradeoff between well-defined goals and interests. They can be almost impossible to resolve when impressionism trumps analysis.

Several years ago I spent some time in Yellowstone with a group of professors and students. Our task was to study three environmental issues. One was the conflict between snowmobilers and "quiet park" advocates. The second was the conflict between ranchers and wolves. The third involved the threat of brucellosis, a disease that might possibly be communicated between Yellowstone's bison and ranch cattle. A week of watching wolves and buffalo, talking to ranchers and listening to lectures, hardly makes me an expert; however, I came away thinking that all three problems were manageable.

By restricting the snowmobiles entering the park to the quieter models, limiting the number of machines admitted and confining them to established roads, a reasonable balance had been struck between those who want to cross silent winter spaces on skis and those who want to roar through such spaces in a train of rockets.

The ranchers I talked to did not like wolves one little bit, but they were largely reconciled to the fact that wolves aren't going away again. Wolves are everywhere now as a result of an extremely successful reintroduction policy. Ranchers want a little more freedom to kill wolves that are preying on their livestock and maybe they should get it. Apart from that, there is little to fight about.

The brucellosis problem is more difficult but it may be manageable. This disease is a great threat not only to ranchers but to the entire cattle industry in states where it appears. Ranchers fear that Yellowstone's bison herds might infect their cattle and they want those herds to be better contained. In addition to buffalo, elk also carry the disease. That is a touchier issue as everyone likes elk. Some ranchers we talked to earn extra income guiding parties of hunters. There is evidence that artificial elk feeding grounds, intended to keep elk numbers up over winter, are a major cause of infection among those animals.

There is hope that Brucella abortus can eventually be eliminated from Yellowstone animals. In the meantime, slaughtering bison that leave the park and eliminating elk feed grounds may be both necessary and sufficient.

For a lesson in how not to approach such issues as these, consider the Chicago Tribune's recent editorial: 'The War on Wolves'. The Trib has its fur up over the legal hunting of wolves. The editorial begins with a misanthropic musing on the misbehavior of the human species. It then proceeds to articulate an environmental version of original sin:

How could the feds tolerate the hunting of an ecologically important creature that, by the mid-1900s, was hunted almost to oblivion? "

Apparently the Trib thinks that we should not ask whether hunting limited numbers of wolves is a threat to the recovered wolf population. The editorial never raises that question. Instead we should consider the guilt we bear for our past sins. We shouldn't hunt wolves now because we were bad to them in the past.

The Trib lumps ranchers who fear wolves preying on their herds with hunters who want a chance to put a wolf head over their dining room tables as a vast alliance bent on the extinction of all things lupine. This is noxious numbskullery. Most ranchers would indeed like to see wolves go away altogether. Hunters by contrast would like to see the population of wolves increase so that their chances of bagging one would go up. Hunters and conservationists are natural allies whenever they are willing to look each other in the eye. That, of course, is the problem.

The Tribune's editors assure us that

We aren't anti-hunting.

No. They are anti-hunter, as is clear from this gem:

The conflict pits people who would enjoy shooting wolves — think Sarah Palin, firing from an aircraft — against what a Montana wolf hunter interviewed on The Sportsman Channel called "a bunch of wingnut screwballs from wherever (telling) us how to manage wildlife."

I am not sure what the Chicago Tribune thinks about ranchers, but its editorial is dripping with loathing for hunters and trappers. It is altogether innocent of the simple question whether the hunting of wolves makes sense as ecological management. That might not be the best way to consider conservation policy.

I don't hunt but I have no objections, moral or otherwise, to hunting. I am just plain scared of guns. As for wolves, I think they are about as cool as any animal that walks the earth. I spent a marvelous day at Yellowstone watching them through scopes. I chanced to see a pair of them digging for something only a few feet away from my car. I think that the reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone and elsewhere was a great achievement. I hope that their populations flourish and increase.

If hunting wolves is a threat to wolf populations, then we should not allow it. If it is not such a threat, then we certainly should allow it. Adding hunters to those who want to see more wolves strengthens that constituency. If you want to find a reasonable solution to such conflicts, perhaps reason ought to be your guide. What you think of Sarah Palin might not be so helpful.

Comments

[larry kurtz]

Ranchers have all but erased themselves from the Earth, Ken: analysis is showing that the Anthropocene is slaughtering more species than previous extinction level events have: impressionism your new word?

[Donald Pay]

Bison actually do not suffer the effects from brucellosis, though they may serve as carriers. However, at least when I was working in the state-federal lab in Pierre there was no known incidence of transfer from bison to cattle.

The key is to controlling brucellosis is slaughtering the cattle that are infected, and have control over sale of infected animals to other ranchers. Ranchers have a history of blaming bison, when they've actually bought infected cattle and spread the disease into their own herds.

[Bill Fleming]

Great wolf photo. Is that your shot, KB? It's begging for a caption.

How about: "Yup, that's Red and her Grama alright. Okay, so double or nothing on the Woodcutter?"

[Ken Blanchard]

Bill: got it off the web. I am with you on your caption.

[Donald Pay]

I think the question isn't really not hunting versus hunting wolves. After all, Native peoples hunted wolves with little effect on their populations. They didn't kill very many, and I think we would be wise to limit the numbers taken to a small number until data about how the hunt affects population structure, behavior, etc. are studied. The question how wolves are to be hunted also needs to be discussed. The big issue in Wisconsin is whether dogs can be used in the wolf hunt. If you really want to make it a fair hunt, maybe it should be limited to bow hunting. That way the wolf has got a chance to hunt you.